High inflation, a looming recession, supply-chain uncertainty—the Canadian economy is on a bit of a roller coaster right now and federal government finances are no exception. This time, there’s good news: the federal government released its annual Fall Economic Statement on November 3, revealing a revenue windfall of $30 billion—enough to cut the deficit in half this year.
Inflation may be bad for consumers, but it’s great for corporate profits, which just hit 20 per cent of GDP—a new record. The federal government charges income tax on that and half of the new revenue in this fiscal update came in the form of new corporate income taxes. Another $10 billion in revenue came from additional personal income taxes.
That means the deficit would have fallen from $53 billion to $23 billion without any spending changes in this fiscal update. But some new spending was announced, so the bottom line is that the federal deficit will drop to $36 billion—still much lower than the $53 billion deficit projected in the spring of 2022.
That rush of unexpected revenue leaves the federal government in good shape to make courageous political decisions to fix glaring problems on files such as health care and long-term care, but there is little new to cheer in this update.
Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland re-announced a few new investments: $500 for low-income renters, a doubling of the GST credit for two payments, and dental insurance for children.
New fiscal update announcements
Going forward, low-income workers can get half of the Canada Workers Benefit in advance instead of waiting until the end of the year when they file taxes.
The federal government is also permanently eliminating interest on student and apprenticeship loans, which was temporarily suspended during the pandemic and is literally the very least the government could do for students.
Canada has been dragged kicking and screaming by the U.S. into providing a new tax credit for clean tech—a direct reaction to the Inflation Reduction Act, which is a signature piece of legislation by the Biden administration. This new tax credit, called the Investment Tax Credit for Clean Technologies, will support things like solar power generation, grid scale batteries, low-carbon heating at industrial scale and electric fleet vehicles. Importantly, applicants only get the full clean tech credit if they provide good jobs (definition is to be determined).
The federal government also announced an interesting new tax on corporate share buybacks, which is one way that companies pay their profits back to shareholders. However, companies are still able to transfer those profits back to shareholders, rather than reinvesting via other means, like dividend payments. Baby steps, though the tax is double what the U.S. is implementing.
This new tax measure won’t raise much money but it’s an important symbol—a recognition that corporate Canada isn’t reinvesting profits in the productivity of their companies or the economy; instead giant corporations are lining shareholders’ pockets. This, along with the increase in corporate rates for the banks, signals a less accommodating environment for the corporate sector—if only slightly.
The rest of the fiscal update simply signalled caution.
Recession clock ticks away
The federal government, like the Bank of Canada, sees recession clouds on the horizon—mostly because the Bank is engineering a looming recession through interest rate hikes.
The federal government anticipates that the unemployment rate will climb from 5.4 per cent, on average, this year and rise to 6.1 per cent next year. It anticipates that the unemployment rate will remain static at that level for a few years. That would represent an increase of about 150,000 more jobless Canadians. But a 6.1 per cent unemployment rate is still very low historically and premised on the expectation of a very mild recession. Time will tell if that’s an optimistic projection.
With these recession clouds on the horizon, the federal government appears resistant to learning the lessons of the pandemic. One of those lessons is that strong support for the jobless sets our economy up for a rapid recovery. But the pandemic supports for unemployed workers—such as improvements to Employment Insurance—have expired.
The federal government has been overseeing an EI review all year, examining how they might change the system. But even with predictions of an economic downturn, the federal government has yet to move forward with rapid and meaningful change on this file.
And the recession clock is ticking.
The courage deficit
There are plenty of other major social and economic issues that didn’t make the cut in this statement. Canadians across the country are facing huge difficulties accessing health care. There still are no national standards for long-term care—never mind the funding to go with them.
Despite everything announced since the 2022 budget and in Thursday’s fiscal update, the deficit this year is still $17 billion lower than announced in the spring projections and it will be $10 billion lower next year. This is real money.
If the federal government was fine with those deficits six months ago, then there is plenty of fiscal room that could have been put to use addressing any number of pressing issues in Canada. Instead, the federal government has decided to stay the course, even in the face of a cash windfall and looming recession. We aren’t short on money—we’re short on political courage.
David Macdonald is a senior economist with the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives’ National Office.
This article first appeared in the National Observer.
